مركزا المستقبل ورؤية يبحثا آليات تحصين مفوضية الإنتخابات من التأثيرات السياسية

   ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? (????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????) ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????.  ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? "?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????".????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????".???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????   ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? - ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? (????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????). ??? ???? ???? "?? ?????? ?????: ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? (???????????? ??????? ???????)? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????".??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? (2004/2007) ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? (2007-2012) ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? (50%)? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? (90%)? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????.??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????.????: ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????????: ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? (120) ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????.?????: ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????: ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????.?????: ???? ???????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????.???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? (2004) ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????.???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????.?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? (47) ???? (2017) ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? (????) ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????.?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????.??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? (?????? ?? ??? ?????)? (???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????)? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????   ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? (?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????)? ??? ???? "??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????".???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????.???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? (102) ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????.?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. ????????? ???? ??????: ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? "?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? (????? ????????) ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? (92) ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????".????? ??????? "?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? (1920) ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????????". ???? ????: ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? "?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????".????? ????? "???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? (2003) ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????????. ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???".???? ????? "??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????". ??????? ???? ????: ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? "?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? (2004) ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????". ???? ???????: ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? "???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????".??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? "?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????: ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????. ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????". ??????? ????? ???????: ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? "?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????".????? ???????? "???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????".????? ??????? ??? "?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????". ??????? ???? ?????: ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????: "?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????".????? "?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????". ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? "?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????". ????? ???????: ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????".??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. * ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? / 2001 – 2017 ?